The spirometric data of a patient indicates decreased FEV1 with increased RV. This is consistent with which lung disease type?

The combination of decreased FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second) and increased RV (Residual Volume) is indicative of obstructive lung diseases. In these conditions, the airflow through the lungs is hindered, primarily affecting the ability to expel air from the lungs during expiration. This results in a lower FEV1 since patients are unable to effectively push air out due to narrowed airways.

As air becomes trapped in the lungs, the RV, which represents the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation, increases. This is characteristic of conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and bronchiectasis where the lungs have difficulty emptying fully due to obstruction.

In obstructive lung disease, spirometry typically shows an FEV1/FVC (Forced Vital Capacity) ratio that is reduced, confirming airflow limitation. Recognizing these patterns in spirometric data is essential for diagnosing and managing respiratory conditions effectively.