What is the primary cause of acute exacerbations of asthma in children?

The primary cause of acute exacerbations of asthma in children is viral infections. In particular, respiratory viruses, such as rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), play a significant role in triggering asthma symptoms. Children are particularly susceptible to these viral infections, which can lead to inflammation and increased airway reactivity, causing a worsening of asthma.

While environmental allergens, exercise, and cold air exposure can indeed contribute to asthma exacerbations, they do not account for the majority of acute episodes in the pediatric population as effectively as viral infections. Viral illnesses can trigger a cascade of inflammatory responses in asthmatic patients, leading to symptoms like wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. Understanding this connection emphasizes the importance of managing upper respiratory infections in children with asthma to minimize exacerbation risk.