What is the primary purpose of administering intravenous magnesium sulfate in preeclampsia?

The primary purpose of administering intravenous magnesium sulfate in cases of preeclampsia is to prevent convulsions, which can lead to eclampsia, a serious complication characterized by seizures. Magnesium sulfate acts as a neuromuscular blocker and has anticonvulsant properties, making it effective in reducing the likelihood of seizure activity in patients with severe preeclampsia or those who exhibit signs of impending eclampsia.

While magnesium sulfate does have other benefits in the context of preeclampsia, such as potential vasodilation and minor effects on blood pressure, its primary and most critical role is in seizure prevention. It does not directly address the underlying causes of preeclampsia, such as proteinuria or the development of HELLP syndrome. Thus, the focus on its anticonvulsant effect is paramount in the management of patients at risk for seizure activity associated with preeclampsia.