What physical sign indicates increased tactile fremitus?

Increased tactile fremitus is an assessment finding that occurs when there is consolidation in the lungs. Consolidation refers to the solidification of lung tissue due to the accumulation of liquid, typically from infections such as pneumonia. When the lung tissue becomes consolidated, sound vibrations from the spoken voice are transmitted more effectively through the denser tissue and will be felt more prominently on the chest wall.

This physical sign is useful in clinical examination, as it can help differentiate between various pulmonary conditions. In the presence of consolidation, palpation on the chest wall will elicit heightened fremitus compared to a healthy lung. Other conditions typically associated with decreased tactile fremitus include pneumothorax, emphysema, and pleural effusion, where the presence of air or fluid hinders the transmission of sound vibrations.